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Monday, November 21, 2022

Hari Nath Adhikari

 Adhikari, Hari Nath, resident Puri, Bihar and Orissa. Indented and blunt nose ; high forehead ; slanting eyes ; medium complexion, build and stature ; age about 48 (1913). Was a teacher in the Rangpur Technical School. Was made a special constable during the boycott agitation. Has a house in Puri.

Ramesh Chandra Acharji

Acharji, Ramesh Chandra, alias Kali Das Roy, son of Kali Prasanna, resident Banori, Bengal. Brahmin ; medium complexion ; thin build: height 5' 3" ; age 22 (1913). Passed the F.A. Examination in the year 1910 from the Ananda Mohan College, Mymensingh, and then entered the Sonarang National School as a teacher. Was a des¬ perate character. Was sent up in April 1911, for trial in the postal peon's assault and theft case, and sentenced to 4 months' rigorous imprisonment under section 147, Indian Penal Code, but acquitted on appeal. Arrested on the 6th June 1911, under suspicious circumstances with one J.C. Chakrabatti, close to a house of a wealthy Muhammadan at Chandpur, post office Madanganj, Mymen¬ singh, ostensibly with the object of committing a dacoity. Was sent up under section 109, Criminal Procedure Code, and ordered to furnish a bond of Rs. 1,000, and two securities of Rs. 500 each, to be of good behaviourfor one year, in default I year's rigorous imprisonment. On 4th January 1912, on appeal to High Court, the sentence was set aside. Was also suspected in the find of arms and ammunition at Sonarang in 1911. Pleaded guilty in the Barisal conspiracy case, in a charge under section 121-A, Indian Penal Code, and sentenced to 12 years' rigorous imprisonment on 22nd January 1914.

Priyanath Acharji

Acharji, Priyanath, son of Kali Charan, residence Banori, Bengal. Medium complextion ; age 25 (1913) ; tallstature', appeared in the F.A. Examination in 1910 from Annanda Mohan College, Mymensingh, but failed to pass. Entered Sonarang National School as a teacher in July 1910. lias sent up in April 1911, and convicted in the Sonarang postal peon s theft and assault case, and sentenced to 4 months' rigorous imprisonment. Sentence reduced to 1 month on appeal; dangerous. Pleaded guilty in the Barisal conspiracy case, on a charge under section 121-A, Indian Penal Code, and was sentenced to 7 years' rigo¬ rous imprisonment on 22nd January 1914.

Baikantlia Nath Acharji

Acharji, Baikantlia Nath, son ofRadha Charan Acharji, Brahmin, residence, Kishorganj, Mymensingh, Bengal, and No. 65, Medina Bazar, Calcutta ; age 30-32 (1913) ; medium complexion ; medium height. Printer and publisher of the “ YugantarConvicted and sentenced on 18th January 1908 to 2 years' rigorous imprisonment and a fine of Rs. 1,000 under section 124-A, Indian Penal Code (“Yugantar", 3rd prosecution)

Sunday, June 19, 2022

Indian National Congress History and important bits

 

INDIAN NATIONAL CONGRESS SESSIONS – 1885 - 1948

YEAR – PLACE CONVENED – PRESIDENTS – IMPORTANT RESOLUTIONS

            ‘The Indian Association’ first avowed nationalist association in British India. 1876. Surendranath Benerjee and Ananda Mohan Bose. Aim: Political, intellectual and material advancement of the people.

INC : 1885 December 28. A.O. Hume.

Akbar Road, New Delhi.

Newspaper: Congress Sandesh National Herald.

 

1st President.

1st Parsi President

2nd Parsi President

1st Muslim President

2nd Muslim President

1st South Indian President

2nd South Indian President

1st Session in South India

2nd Session in South India

1st Woman President

1st Woman to address INC Session.

1st foreign president of INC 

2nd foreign president of INC  Sir William Wedderburn 1. 2. 1910 Allahabad

3rd foreign president of INC - Alfred Webb - 1894 Madras.

4th foreign president of INC - Sir Henry Cotton 1904 Bombay.

1st INC Session attended by Gandhi was Calcutta session held in 1901.

2st INC session attended by Nehru - Bankipore (Patna) 1912.

 

Totla INC sessions held in Madras : 1. 1887 Badruddin Tyabji.       2. 1894 Sir William Wedderburn              3. 1898 Anand Mohan Bose   4. Lal Mohan Ghosh 1903                        5. Rash Behari Ghosh 1908                6. Bhupendra Nath Basu 1914                        7. M.A. Ansari 1927   8.

 

Vandemataram was sung first time in Calcutta INC session held in 1896, presided over by Rahimathullah M Sayani. It was sung by Rabindranath Tagore.

 

Drain of wealth was first accepted in 1896 INC Calcutta session.

 

Chettur Shankaran Nair is the only Malayalee president of INC - 1897 Amaraoti (Maharashtra).

________________________________________

Pattabhi Sitharamaiyyah

           Pattabhi Sitharamiyyah is also known as ‘the official historian of Indian National Congress’

           He is the author of the book ‘History of Congress.’ Dr. Rajendra Prasad wrote introduction for this book published in 1935.

           The diary he maintained during the jail time was published later as ‘Feathers and stones’

 

 

YEAR

PLACE

PRESIDENT

IMPORTANT RESOLUTIONS

1

1885

Bombay

W C Bonnerjee

Also Presided over Allahabad Session-1892

1st session attended by 72 delegates.

Most of the delegates were from Bombay.

 

2

1886

Calcutta

Dadabhai Naoroji

Headed total 3 sessions:

1.     1886 Calcutta,

2.     1893 Lahore and

3.     1906 Calcutta

* National Congress and National Conference

* 1ST. Parsi President.

* It was attended by 434 delegates

* Congress decided to set up Provincial Congress Committees across the country

3

1887

Madras

Syed Badruddin Tyabji

Appeal made to Muslims to join hands with other national leaders.

First Muslim President – Syed Badruddin Tyabji.

Attended by 607 delegates.

First Session conducted in South India.

4

1888

Allahabad

George Yule

First Foreigner/European/White / English President of INC.

It was attended by 1248 delegates.

5

1889

Bombay

Sir William Wedderburn

First Congress session attended by Women

Attended by 1889 delegates

William Wedderburn was the second foreigner President of INC

He was the only foreigner to be the President of INC twice

(1889 Bombay and 1910 Allahabad)

6

1890

Calcutta

Feroz Shah Mehta

Pherosh Shah Mehta was the second Parsi president of INC.

A woman addressed Congress for the first time in this session.

Kadambini Ganguly was the first woman to address a Congress session.

7

1891

Nagpur

P. Ananda Charlu

Ananda Charlu was the 1st South Indian President of INC (Madras).

The term ‘national’ was added to the name of Congress.

8

1892

Allahabad

W C Bonnerjee

2nd time as President.

9

1893

Lahore

Dadabhai Naoroji

2nd time as President.

10

1894

Madras

Alfred Webb

3rd Foreign President of INC.

11

1895

Poona

Surendranath Banerjee

12

1896

Calcutta

Rahimtullah M. Sayani

National song ‘Vande Mataram’ sung for the first time. It was sung by Rabindra Natha Tagore.

Congress officially accepted the drain of wealth theory in this session

Rahimathullah Sayani was the second Muslim President of INC

13

1897

Amravati

Chettur Sankaran Nair

Only Malayali president of INC.

14

1898

Madras

Ananda Mohan Bose

Social reform was set as the main goal of Congress.

15

1899

Lucknow

Romesh Chandra Dutt

Demand for permanent fixation of Land revenue

16

1900

Lahore

N G Chandavarkar

 

17

1901

Calcutta

Dinshaw E. Wacha

First time Gandhiji appeared on the Congress platform

Gandhi moved a resolution on South Africa in 1901 Calcutta session.

18

1902

Ahmedabad

Surendranath Banerjee

 

19

1903

Madras

Lal Mohan Ghosh

20

1904

Bombay

Sir Henry Cotton

* Congress protested the violation of rules by Lord Curzon as he used revenues from India for his forward policy in Tibet.

* Henry Cotton was the third foreigner President and first foreigner president in 20th century.

21

1905

Benares

Gopal Krishna Gokhale

* Expressed resentment against the partition of Bengal.

* The divisions between the moderates led by Gopal Krishna Gokhale and Surendranath Banerjea and the extremists led by Bal Gangadhar Tilak came to the fore in this session. While Tilak and Lala Lajpat Rai wanted the Congress to boycott the visit of the Prince of Wales in protest against the Bengal Partition, the moderates opposed any such move.

* Formal proclamation of Swadeshi movement against government

22

1906

Calcutta

Dadabhai Naoroji

* The word ‘Swaraj’ was mentioned for the first time.

* Adopted four resolutions on: Swaraj (Self Government), Boycott Movement, Swadeshi and National Education.

Congress declared Swaraj or Self Government as its ultimate goal.

* This declaration was made by President Dadabhai Naoroji.

* Naoroji was 81 year old at that time and the oldest President of INC till date.

23

1907

Surat

 

Rash Behari Ghosh

* Party splits into extremists and moderates. The session was marred with violence and eventually suspended. Extremists left Congress.

* 1st split.   * Held on the banks of river Tapti.

* Adjournment of Session

 

1908

Madras

Rash Behari Ghosh

Previous session continued

24

1909

Lahore

Madan Mohan Malaviya

Indian Councils Act, 1909

25

1910

Allahabad

Sir William Wedderburn

M.A Jinnah decried the separate electorate system introduced by act of 1909.

26

1911

Calcutta

Bishan Narayan Dhar

‘Jana Gana Mana’ sung for the first time.

* Congress welcomed the British Monarch, George V, who was visiting India for the first time.

27

1912

Bankipore (Patna)

Raghunath Narasinha Mudholkar

* Bankipur Session was the first congress session attended by Jawaharlal Nehru.

28

1913

Karachi

Syed Mohammed

29

1914

Madras

Bhupendra Nath Basu

30

1915

Bombay

Satyendra Prasanna Sinha

Constitution of the Congress was altered to admit the delegates from the extremist section.

31

1916

Lucknow

Ambica Charan Mazumdar

* Lucknow Pact – Unity between two factions-Moderates and Extremists of Congress

* Lucknow Pact signed between Congress and Muslim League to build political consensus / joint session with the All India Muslim League.

32

1917

Calcutta

Annie Besant (1847 – 1933)

First woman president of the INC

33

1918

Bombay And Delhi

Syed Hasan Imam (Bombay) And Madan Mohan Malaviya (Delhi)

* Two sessions were held. First in Bombay in August/September Second in Delhi in December.

* 1st INC session in Delhi.

* The session was convened to deliberate the contentious Montagu–Chelmsford Reforms Scheme

34

1919

Amritsar

Motilal Nehru

Jallianwala Bagh massacre strongly condemned.

Congress extended support to Khilafat Movement.

35

1920*

Calcutta

Lala Lajpat Rai

Special Session.

Mahatma Gandhi moved the Non cooperation resolution.

 

36

1920

Nagpur

C Vijayaraghavachariar

* Reconstitution of Working committees of Congress on Linguistic basis

 * MA Jinnah left the Indian National Congress.

Congress was given new organizational structure

* Congress decided to set up Provincial Committees on linguistic basis

* Congress subscription was fixed at 4 annas and minimum age for membership was reduced to 18.

* A 15-member Congress Working Committee was constituted.

* Congress changed its goal from ‘attainment of self government by constitutional means’ to ‘attainment of swaraj by peaceful and legitimate manner.’

37

1921

Ahmedabad

Hakim Ajmal Khan (acting President For C R Das)

Chitharanjan Das was chosen as the President of INC in 1921. Since he was in jail, Hakim Ajmal Khan was elected as President in the absence of C.R. Das.

* Hakkim Ajmal Khan was the first Acting President of INC. He is the only person to have been appointed president of the Indian National Congress, the Muslim League and the All India Khilafat Committee.

Moulana Hasrat Mohani was the first person to propose that Swaraj should be defined as complete independence, free from foreign control in 1921 while presiding over a Muslim League Session in 1921.

38

1922

Gaya

C R Das

39

1923*

Delhi

Maulana Abul Kalam Azad

Special session.

Maulana Abdul Kalam Azad became the president of INC for the first time

* Azad was the youngest president of INC, at the age of 35.

* Congress decided to set up All India Khadi Board

40

1923

Kakinada

Maulana Mohammad Ali,

41

1924

Belgaum

Karnataka

M K Gandhi

Only Session presided over by Mahatma Gandhi.

42

1925

Kanpur

Sarojini Naidu (1879 – 1949)

2nd Woman and 1st Indian woman president of INC.

43

1926

Guwahati

S Srinivasa Iyengar

44

1927

Madras

M A Ansari

* Passed a resolution against the use of Indian troops in China, Iran and Mesopotamia.

* Congress decided to boycott Simon Commission

* Passed a resolution against boycott of Simon Commission

45

1928

Calcutta

Motilal Nehru

All India Youth Congress formed.

Congress demanded Dominion status to be given within one year.

46

1929

Lahore

Jawaharlal Nehru

Resolution for ‘Poorna Swaraj.’ Civil Disobedience movement for complete independence to be launched, 26 January to be observed as ‘Independence Day’.

* On December 31, 1929 Jawaharlal Nehru hoisted tricolor flag on the Banks of river Ravi, at Lahore.

* J.L. Nehru was the youngest person to be the president of INC in a regular session. (Maulana Abdul Kalam Azad became the president in a special session)

 

1930

No Session

47

1931

Karachi

Vallabhbhai Patel

Resolution on fundamental rights and national economic progress. Fundamental rights were defined for the first time. Gandhi-Irwin pact endorsed. Gandhi nominated to represent INC in the second round table conference.

48

1932

Delhi

Amrit Ranchhorddas Seth

49

1933

Calcutta

Malaviya Was Elected But Mrs Nellie Sengupta Presided

2nd Foreign woman and first British woman president of INC.

Nillie Sen Guptha’s original name was Edith Ellen Gray.

50

1934

Bombay

Rajendra Prasad

51

1937

Lucknow

Jawaharlal Nehru

52

1936

Faizpur

Jawaharlal Nehru

First rural session/first session to be held in a village.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           

53

1938

Haripura

Subhas Chandra Bose

National planning committee set up under Nehru

54

1939

Tripuri

Subhas Chandra Bose

* An election was held for the post of President, for the first time in Congress

* Subhas Chandra Bose defeated Pattabhi Sitharamiyyah, the nominee of Gandhi. Subhas Chandra Bose was the first elected President of INC.

Bose was elected but had to resign since Gandhi supported Pattabhi Sitaramayya. Instead, Rajendra Prasad was appointed.

55

1940

Ramgarh

Abul Kalam Azad

1940 to 1946 Abul Kalam Azad was the president. Longest continuous term president.

 

1941-45

No session because of arrests.

56

1946

Meerut

Acharya Kripalani

Last session before independence.

Kriplani was the president of INC at the time of independence.

57

1948

Jaipur

Pattabhi Sitaramayya

* First session after independence.

* It was in this session, Congress appointed JVP Committee to look into the matter of linguistic reorganization of Indian states. The committee consisted of Jawaharlal Nehru, Vallabhai Patel and Pattabhi Sitharamiyyah

 

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